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Jan Ernst Matzeliger received a US Patent on this day in 1883 for his shoe lasting machine which revolutionized shoe-making forever.

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Dr. Ralph Johnson Bunche, political science professor, diplomat, and international civil servant, became the first African American to receive a Nobel Peace Prize on this day in 1950.

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Shelton Jackson “Spike” Lee, filmmaker, producer, screenwriter, and professor was born on this day in in 1957 in Atlanta, Georgia.

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Martin Robison Delany was an abolitionist, a physician, a soldier, a writer, and a proponent of Black nationalist ideas. On this day in 1852, he made a case for Black people to return to Africa in his book, The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered.